2001年Del Prato，Tiengo认为第一时相胰岛素分泌的恢复是长期缓解（蜜...

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2001年Del Prato，Tiengo的研究认为第一时相胰岛素分泌的恢复是长期缓解（蜜月期）的重要指标。
The importance of first-phase insulin secretion: implications for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus   （第一相胰岛素分泌的重要性：对2型糖尿病治疗的启示）                                                

Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by defects in insulin secretion and action. Insulin resistance is a key feature of type 2 diabetes. However, insulin resistance alone does not appear to be sufficient to cause diabetes. Longitudinal studies have shown that the development of overt hyperglycemia is associated with a decline in b-cell secretion.
2型糖尿病是一种异质性疾病，其特征是胰岛素分泌和作用缺陷。胰岛素抵抗是2型糖尿病的一个主要特征。然而，单纯的胰岛素抵抗似乎不足以引起糖尿病。纵向研究表明，明显的高血糖的发展与b细胞分泌下降有关。
In patients with impaired glucose tolerance or in the early stages of type 2 diabetes, first phase insulin release is almost invariably lost despite the enhancement of second-phase secretion.
在糖耐量受损或2型糖尿病早期的患者中，尽管第二相分泌增强，但第一相胰岛素释放几乎总是会丧失。
Both animal and human studies support the critical physiologic role of the first-phase of insulin secretion in the maintenance of postmeal glucose homeostasis.
动物和人类研究都支持：第一相胰岛素分泌在维持餐后葡萄糖稳态中的关键的生理作用。
This effect is primarily mediated at the level of the liver, allowing prompt inhibition of endogenous glucose production(EGP) and thereby restraining the mealtime rise in plasma glucose. In type 2 diabetes, the loss of the early surge of insulin release is a precocious and quite common defect that plays a pathogenic role in postmeal hyperglycemia and one that may require specific therapeutic intervention. This becomes even more apparent if the negative impact of prandial glucose spikes is taken into consideration.
这种作用主要是在肝脏水平上介导的，可以迅速抑制内源性葡萄糖的产生（EGP），从而抑制进餐时血糖的升高。在2型糖尿病中，胰岛素的早期的大脉冲式释放的丧失是一种最早期的且非常常见的缺陷，在餐后高血糖中起致病作用，可能需要特定的治疗干预。如果将餐前血糖峰值的负面影响考虑在内，这一点将变得更加明显。
Epidemiological evidence exists to indicate that 2-h postload plasma glucose levels are strongly associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality relative risk. Indeed the acute elevation of plasma glucose concentration triggers an array of tissue responses that may contribute to the development of diabetic complications.
流行病学证据表明，负荷后2小时血糖水平与全因死亡率和心血管死亡率的相对风险密切相关。事实上，血浆葡萄糖浓度的急性升高会引发一系列组织反应，这些反应可能会导致糖尿病并发症的发展。
Considering that type 2 diabetes begins with meal-related hyperglycemia in many patients, it becomes apparent that normalization of postmeal plasma glucose levels should be
the target for rational therapy and the goal in the early stages of the disease.
考虑到2型糖尿病在许多患者中始于与膳食相关的高血糖，很明显，餐后血糖水平的正常化应该是合理治疗的目标和疾病早期阶段的目标。  If a primary goal of diabetes therapy is control of postmeal glucose excursion, then the regulation of glucose absorption from the gut and entry into the circulation is an important mechanism to consider. The restoration of the rapid increase in plasma insulin concentration may be quite an efficient therapeutic approach.
如果糖尿病治疗的主要目标是控制餐后葡萄糖漂移，然后调控葡萄糖从肠道吸收并进入循环是一个需要关注的重要机制。恢复血浆胰岛素浓度的快速增加可能是非常有效的治疗方法。